The waterfall style represents a plant that has grown in very particular and difficult conditions (cliffs, steep walls, etc.). In this style the trunk extends downwards and has a straight trunk and branches that grow horizontally or downwards. Plants such as juniper and pine lend themselves well to this style, but cotoneasters and azaleas also do. In our woods you can also find excellent specimens of larch which have natural characteristics very suitable for this style. The main branch descends along the edge of the pot until it extends below it. However, in the variant called gaito-kengai a trunk is carried upwards and a branch forms the waterfall. It is therefore necessary to use taller pots than traditional ones and small tables. The term kengai indicates those trees whose apex falls downwards from the edge of the vase. With han-kengai those whose apex while descending does not exceed the level of the vessel. With ito-kengai those in which more than one branch forms the waterfall.
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Source: www.giardinaggio.it